Biology

Organism (生物)

• Domain (域)
  • Three Domain System (三域系统)
    • Domain Archaea (古菌)
    • Domain Bacteria (细菌)
    • Domain Eukarya (真核生物)
• Kingdom (界)
• Phylum (门)
• Class (纲)
• Order (目)
• Family (科)
• Genus (属)
• Species (种)

Non-living (非生物 / Acellular Life)

• Virus
• Subviral agents

Taxonomy (分类)

Multicellular (多细胞)

• Animal
  • Metazoa (后生动物)
  • Eukaryotic (真核)
  • Heterotroph (异养)
  • Bilateria (双边对称生物)
    • Protostome (原口动物)
      • Invertebrate (无脊椎动物)
        • Arthropod (节肢动物)
          • Exoskeleton (外骨骼)
          • Segmented body (分段)
          • Appendages (附肢)
          • Haemocoal (血腔), Haemolymph (血淋巴), Open circulatory system, Hemocyanin (血蓝蛋白)
          • Ventral nerve cord (腹神经索), Ganglia (神经节), Brain encircle the esophagus (食道)
          • Compound eyes (复眼), Pigment pit ocellus (色素坑单眼)
          • Seta (刚毛)
        • Mollusca (软体动物)
          • Mantle (外套膜)
          • Shell
          • Muscular foot
          • Gills (鳃), Respiration (呼吸), Open circulatory system
          • Visceral cords (内脏神经索), Pedal cords (足神经索)
    • Deuterostome (后口动物)
      • Chordate (脊索动物)
        • Vertebrate (脊椎动物)
      • Echinoderm (棘皮动物)
        • Left grows in a pentaradially symmetric fashion at the expense of the right side
        • Mesodermal skeleton (中胚层), Ossicle (小骨)
        • Water vascular system
• Plant
• Fungi

Unicellular (单细胞 / Microorganism)

• Protist
• Bacteria
• Archaea

Clade (进化枝)

• Branch of phylogenetic tree (系统进化树)
• Monophyletic group (单源)
• Natural group

Other Concepts

• Body plan
• Ontogenetic (个体发育)
• Peripheral nervous system (外周神经系统)
• Metamerism (分节现象 / 同色异谱)
  • 同色异谱: 两种颜色在某一光照条件下看上去匹配，但光线变换时不匹配
  • 分节现象: Segment 沿纵轴相似